Bacteria

The history of bacteria

Bacteria was girts discovered by Anton  

Van leeuwenhoek In (1632-1723) on June 10 , 1675 . Later Louise Pasteur in 1864 and koch in 1876 they reported that these organisms can couse disease and thus the name  bacteriological  found. 

 Whittaker (1969) proposed a five kingdom

System of classification I'm which all prokaryotes including Bacteria were grouped together . Like Monera.

 

There are about 200 species of bacteria. They present all the possible natural condition. They occur in abundance in both fresh, salt and muddy water . It is not the amazing part they also can found in hot springs , ice water mountains , in volcanoes , deep down the rock , the air we breath , the food we eat , and the object we touch. 

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The all bad things accross the bacteria had some useful quality which we use for years like 

1. Vegetative cell resistant to adverse environmental factors 

2. Diversity in their mode of nutrition

3. Extremely simple structure, and rapid cell division.

4. Formation in their mode of nutrition. 

5. Use in waste water treatment as aerobic and anaerobic conditions. 

6. Used in plant for nitrogen fixation.

7. Used for decay the dead matter in soil. Etc.

SIZE AND SHAPE 

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Bacteria are very smallest cellular organism 

.  They are can only seen by the help of microscope. An average bacteria ranges form 0.2micro to 2 micro in width and 2-10micro in length. So the fact that (A single drop of liquid contain about 50 milion bacterial cells.).   

The bacteria found in varities of shape but it constant for each species. There are in details:-

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1. Coccus 

These are spherical in shape, lack flagella and are non- motile , often stick together in groups of various numbers. These may be   monococcus (single) ,  diplococcus (two), tetracoccus (four), streptococcus (in chain), staphylococcus ( in irregular groups, like Bunches of grapes) and sarcina (cubical box of 8 cells )

 

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 2. Bacillus

These are rod shaped , cylinderical may be slightly curved and may be or not bear flagella . These may be found singly or in various groups. Diplobacillus (two) , streptobacillus (in chains) , or palisade (in parallel arrangements) 

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3. Spirillum 

These are called helical bacteria . These have twisted body like a corkscrew with 1-5 turns . Spirillum is larger than cocci and bacilli . They occur singly or in short chains but do not form colonies an possess flagella at one pair 

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4. Vibrio 

It looks like a curved rod, a spiral or a twisted comma , and possess flegella at one end e.g vibrio comma 

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5. Filamentous or Mycelial 

These are like a thread or aspetate filament and are very small in number e.g Beggiatota & Thiothrix.

 

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6. Pleomorphic 

Some bacteria are able to change their shape and size with changes in environmental conditions. These changes are, however, temporary e.g. 'vinegar bacteria' occur as small rods , long rods , chains of small rods I'm different conditions.

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